Efecto de una intervención educativa para cuidadores familiares de personas con cáncer en cirugía / Effect of an educational intervention for family caregivers of individuals with cancer in surgery

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa en cuidadores familiares de adultos con cáncer que se encuentran en postoperatorio de cirugía oncológica, para fortalecer la competencia de cuidado en el hogar y disminuir la sobrecarga. MÉTODO: Se trata de un abordaje cuantitativo cuasi-experimental con grupo de intervención y grupo control; se incluyeron 290 cuidadores familiares de pacientes intervenidos por cirugía, se aplicó la intervención educativa desde el ingreso hasta seis semanas después del egreso, se realizó medición antes y después de la competencia para el cuidado en el hogar y de la sobrecarga de cuidado. RESULTADOS: En el grupo intervenido se obtuvo impacto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en la competencia para el cuidado en el hogar y disminución de sobrecarga. CONCLUSIONES: La intervención educativa es una estrategia que aumenta la competencia para cuidar en el hogar, y disminuye la sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con cáncer sometidos a cirugía

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on family caregivers of adults with cancer who are in the postoperative period of oncological surgery, to strengthen the competence of home care and reduce overload. METHOD: This was a quasi-experimental quantitative approach with intervention group and control group; 290 family caregivers of patients undergoing surgery were included, educational intervention was applied from admission to six weeks after discharge, measurement was made before and after competence for home care and care overload. RESULTS: In the group intervened, a positive and statistically significant impact was obtained in the competence for home care and decreased overload. CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention is a strategy that increases skills for care at home, and reduces the burden on caregivers of people with cancer undergoing surgery

Development of student competencies for palliative care.

AIM: Identify the palliative care learning needs of healthcare students and determine the acceptability of an innovative learning strategy for palliative care named competencia para cuidar en el hogar-paliar (CUIDAR-PALIAR) aimed to increase students' competencies. METHODS: A single-group mixed methods design was used. A questionnaire was designed and semi-structured interviews were used to determine the palliative care competencies of undergraduate students; 90 students participated in the strategy. FINDINGS: The learning needs of students are: approaches to death and loss, how to intervene with the patient's family, understanding of the palliative care context, management of the patient's pain and symptoms and the development of therapeutic communication skills. CONCLUSION: The strategy is highly accepted by students, and statistically significant increases in palliative care were observed before and after the intervention. These preliminary results justify future interventions due to the potential effect of the strategy CUIDAR-PALIAR in the development of competencies for palliative care in undergraduate students.

Educational intervention (CUIDAR) in cancer patients treated with surgery: A quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of an educational intervention (CUIDAR) in cancer patients during the post-operatory, aimed to strength the competence to care patients at home in the dimensions knowledge, instrumental unicity, enjoy, anticipation and social relationships and interactions. METHODS: Quantitative quasi-experimental design with control and intervention groups, 192 patients who received surgery in the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Bogotá, Colombia. The intervention was conducted since the admission to the sixth week after release. Measurements of the home care competence and number of readmissions were made before and after the treatment. RESULTS: In the intervention group a positive and statistically significant effect was observed in six dimensions, as well as the reduction of hospital readmissions. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention CUIDAR is a feasible strategy that increases the capacity to care at home and significantly reduces the readmissions to emergency services in cancer patients treated with surgery. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Educational intervention (CUIDAR) may be used as a tool in cancer patients treated with surgery.

Looking for Control at the End of Life Through the Bond: A Grounded Theory on the Hospital Discharge Process in Palliative Care.

The hospital-to-home transition in palliative care is a vital process that requires continuity of care through the discharge process. However, little is known about the perceptions of patients with cancer and their family caregivers during this important palliative care transition in the Colombian health care context. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of the patient-family caregiver dyad in palliative care during the transition process between hospital and home in a health care institution in Bogota, Colombia. Using a grounded constructivist theory design, 30 patients with cancer receiving palliative care and 30 family caregivers participated in this study. The data were collected through 36 dyad interviews conducted in either the hospital or home of the participants. For the analysis, the constructivist analytical method was used. Findings revealed that "Looking for control at the end of life through the bond" was the main category of the study. This category could be further elaborated into 4 categories: (1) yearning for home; (2) recognizing burden; (3) experiencing uncertainty, a lack of control; and (4) achieving control. By understanding the patient and family caregiver perspective of care during the hospital-to-home transition, health care systems have the possibility to implement care programs in palliative care with an innovative educational component for health care professionals.

Estrategias para el Aprendizaje Significativo del Cuidado Humano en Enfermería / Strategies for meaningful learning in nursing care

Con el propósito de describir y analizar las pedagógías usadas para el aprendizaje significativo en la enseñanza de la epistemología del Cuidado de Enfermería, se presenta el desarrollo de la aplicación de la estrategia de Smith y Liehr que sustenta el uso de abordajes metodológicos innovadores para la enseñanza de aspectos humanísticos y filosóficos del cuidado humano en la disciplina de enfermería. La estrategia que permite la enseñanza de la epistemología de enfermería con un enfoque reflexivo y de aprendizaje significativo fue estructurada para su aplicación con estudiantes de posgrado en asignaturas del componente de fundamentación disciplinar. Esta herramienta se considera de utilidad para la enseñanza de la enfermería, porque facilita la construcción del conocimiento en los participantes con el uso de experiencias significativas, la indagación constante y el análisis reflexivo de la fundamentación en enfermería y su reflejo en la práctica con el compañamiento de un docente experto,que direcciona el proceso..(AU)

In order to describe and analyze the pedagogical strategies used for meaningful learning in Nursing Care epistemology teaching, the development of the application of the Smith and Liehr strategy that supports the use of innovative methodological approaches to nursing teaching humanistic and philosophical aspects of human care in the discipline of nursing. The strategy that allows the teaching of nursing epistemology with a reflexive and meaningful learning approach was structured for its application with postgraduate students in subjects of the disciplinary foundation component. This tool is considered useful for teaching nursing, because it facilitates the construction of knowledge in the participants with the use of meaningful experiences, constant inquiry and reflective analysis of the foundation in nursing and its reflection in practice with the accompaniment of an expert teacher, who directs the process..(AU)

Metodologia de implementación del "plan de egreso hospitalario" para personas con enfermedad crónica en colombia / Methodology for the implementation of the "hospital discharge plan" for people with chronic disease in colombia / Metodologia para a aplicação do "plano de descarga hospitalar" para pessoas com doença crônica na colômbia

RESUMEN Objetivo: Diseñar y validar una metodología para implementar el "Plan de egreso hospitalario" como mecanismo de apoyo en el cuidado de la salud de personas con enfermedad crónica (EC) y sus cuidadores familiares (CF) en Colombia. Metodología: Estudio de tipo descriptivo cuyo desarrollo contó con los siguientes pasos:1) Consolidación de una guía. 2) Validación del proceso propuesto para la implementación del "Plan de egreso hospitalario". 3) Prueba piloto de implementación. Resultados: Con base en el estado del arte y la definición de pasos del cuidado que se requieren para el alta hospitalaria se propone una guía de acción basada en la revisión de las condiciones de la institución hospitalaria y en el nivel de competencia para el cuidado en el hogar de los usuarios, buscando garantizar un cuidado continuo y seguro al salir de la institución. Conclusiones: La Metodología utilizada para desarrollar el "Plan de egreso hospitalario" para personas con enfermedad crónica en Colombia que se elaboró y validó en el presente estudio aporta elementos conceptuales y de procedimiento para implementar y sistematizar un programa de alta hospitalaria con base en el fortaleciendo de las condiciones institucionales y de la competencia de cuidado por parte de las personas con EC y sus CF. Dicha metodología constituye una herramienta para ayudar a disminuir la carga del cuidado de la EC en Colombia.

ABSTRACT Objective: Design and validate a methodology for the implementation of the "hospital Discharge Plan" as a support mechanism in the health care for patients with chronic disease (CD) and their family caregivers (CF) in Colombia. Methodology: Descriptive study that is part of the Program for the Reduction of the disease burden in Colombia. For its development, it included the following steps: 1) Consolidation of a guideline. 2) Validation of the "Hospital Discharge Plan" implementation process. 3) Test pilot implementation the "Hospital Discharge Plan" Results: Based on the state of the art a careful definition of steps required to develop a "Hospital Discharge Plan" are addressed. The core issue is the caring competence of the patient and his /her family caregiver in order to assure continuous and safe care when leaving the institution. Conclusions: The methodology used to develop the "Hospital Discharge Plan" for people with chronic disease in Colombia that was developed and validated in this study provides conceptual and procedural elements to implement and systematize a discharge program based on the strengthening of the caring competence of the people with CD and their family caregivers. This methodology is a tool to help reduce the burden of care of people with CD in Colombia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Projetar e validar uma metodologia para a implementação do "Plano de descarga hospitalar" como mecanismo de suporte nos cuidados de saúde para pacientes com doença crônica (CD) e seus cuidadores familiares (CF) na Colômbia. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo que faz parte do Programa de Redução da carga de doença na Colômbia. Para o seu desenvolvimento, incluiu as seguintes etapas: 1) Consolidação de uma diretriz. 2) Validação do processo de implementação do "Plano de descarga hospitalar". 3) Implementação do piloto de teste o "Plano de descarga hospitalar". Resultados: Com base no estado da arte, uma definição cuidadosa das etapas necessárias para desenvolver um "Plano de descarga hospitalar" são abordadas. A questão central é a competência de atendimento do paciente e seu cuidador familiar, a fim de garantir cuidados contínuos e seguros ao deixar a instituição. Conclusões: A metodologia utilizada para desenvolver o "Plano de descarga hospitalar" para pessoas com doença crônica na Colômbia que foi desenvolvida e validada neste estudo fornece elementos conceituais e processuais para implementar e sistematizar um programa de alta com base no fortalecimento da competência de cuidar da pessoas com CD e seus cuidadores familiares. Esta metodologia é uma ferramenta para ajudar a reduzir a carga de atendimento de pessoas com CD na Colômbia.

Indicadores de carga del cuidado familiar de personas con enfermedad crónica: relevantes en salud pública / Os indicadores de maior peso no cuidado familiar de doentescrônicos: são relevantes na saúde pública / Cost Indicators of Family Care of People with Chronic Disease: Relevant in Public Health

El abordaje de la enfermedad crónica implica contar con un esquema de mediciones objetivas, pertinentes, precisas, confiables y costo efectivas. Objetivo. Establecer el sistema de indicadores requeridos para medir la carga familiar del cuidado de personas con enfermedad crónica. Metodología. Reflexión derivada de investigación a partir del ôModelo para la Disminución de la Carga del Cuidado de la Enfermedad Crónicaõ (MDCC- EC) y con base en la Guía Universidad Nacional de Colombia -Sistema de Mejor Gestión (UN SIMEGE), en la que se construyen y formulan los indicadores para la medición y seguimiento de los procesos tendientes a disminuir la carga familiar del cuidado de la enfermedad crónica. Resultados: La metodología planteada en la Guía UN SIMEGE permitió presentar indicadores para medir cinco características asociadas con la carga familiar del cuidado de la enfermedad crónica que estßn descritas como parte fundamental del MDCC-EC. Estas incluyen el acceso, la continuidad, la seguridad, el fortalecimiento de la propia capacidad y el soporte social con el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) Conclusiones: Los 19 indicadores establecidos permiten en conjunto medir la carga familiar del cuidado de la enfermedad crónica. Esta medición es necesaria e indispensable para conocer, entender, orientar y corregir la ejecución de las estrategias, acciones y resultados de la aplicación del MDCC-EC en lo referente a las personas con enfermedad crónica y sus familias. Comunicar los resultados de la consecución de las metas para saber cómo se plasman los planteamientos teórico conceptuales del MDCC-EC, dando cumplimiento a los requisitos de los usuarios con el servicio permite, de una parte, evaluar y de otra, continuar agregando valor al sistema de salud...

Addressing chronic illness implies having an outline of objective, pertinent, accurate, reliable, and cost-effective measures. Objective: This paperÆs objective is to establish a system of indicators required to measure the relative cost of family care of people with chronic disease. Metodology: Starting with the ôModel for the Reduction of Care Burden of Chronic Diseaseõ MDCC- EC, and based on the UN SIMEGE Guide, for the development of indicators in order to measure and monitor the processes aimed at reducing the cost of family care of chronic disease. Results: The methodology proposed in the UN SIMEGE Guide allowed the construction of indicators for five characteristics associated with family care for people with chronic disease. These characteristics are described as a fundamental component of the MDCC-EC and they include:The care access, care continuity, care safety, the self-care capacity and the social support with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Conclusions: The 19 indicators established allow the measurement of the cost of family care for people with chronic disease. This measurement is necessary and indispensable to know, understand, guide and correct implementation of strategies, actions and results of the implementation of MDCC-EC in relation to ill people and their families. These indicators are essential in order to communicate the results of the fulfillment of the goals for how the conceptual theoretical approaches of the MDCC-EC are met in compliance with the requirements of users of services and to continue improving the given services adding value to them...

Na abordagem da doença crônica é necesario utilizar o esquema de medidas objetivas, relevantes, precisas, confißveis e custo efetivo. Objetivo. Estabelecer o sistema de indicadores necessßrios para medir o peso familiar relacinado com o cuidado das pessoas com doenças crônicas. Metodologia. A reflexão é decorrente do "Modelo de Custo Reduzido Chronic Disease Cuidado" (MDCC- CE) além de ter como base a Guia da Universidade Nacional da Colômbia Melhor -Sistema de Gestão (SIMEGE ONU), na qual são construídos os indicadores para medir e observar os processos que visam a redução dos encargos famíliares no cuidado da doença crónica. Resultados: A metodologia proposta na Guia Um SIMEGE possibilitou mostrar indicadores para medir cinco características que permitem medir a sobrecarga familiar de cuidados para doenças crônicas que são descritos como uma parte fundamental do MDCC-CE. Estes incluem o acesso, continuidade, segurança, capacitação e apoio social em si com o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Conclusões: Os 19 indicadores estabelecidos permitem medir a carga familiar nos cuidados da doença crónica. Esta medida é necessßria e indispensßvel para conhecer, compreender, orientar e corrigir a implementação de estratégias, ações e resultados na pratica do MDCC-CE em relação às pessoas com doenças crônicas e suas famílias. Comunicar os resultados da aquisição das metas permite conhecer como as abordagens teóricas conceituais do MDCC-CE responde às exigências dos usußrios com o serviço, permitindo tanto a avaliação como adicionar valor ao sistema de saúde...